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A Quadratic Equation is usually written ax2 + bx + c = 0, where x is an unknown variable and a,b,c are numerical coefficients Here, a ≠ 0 because if it equals to zero then the equation will not remain quadratic anymore and it will become a linear equation, such as bx+c=0. where ± (one plus and one minus) represent two distinct roots of the given equation. Quadratic Equation Definition The polynomial equation whose highest degree is two, is called a quadratic equation. It is expressed in the form of: ax² + bx + c = 0 where x is the unknown variable and a, b and c are the constant terms. Since the quadratic include only one unknown term or variable, thus it is called uni-variate. The power of variable x are always non-negative integers, hence the equation is a polynomial equation with highest power as 2. The solution for this equation is the values of x, which are also called as zeros. Zeros of the polynomial are the solution for which the equation is satisfied. In the case of quadratics, there are two roots or zeros of the equation. And if we put the values of roots or x in the Left-hand side of the equation, it will equal to zero. Therefore, they are called zeros. Solution of Quadratics by Factorization Begin with a equation of the form ax² + bx + c = 0 Ensure that it is set to adequate zero. Factor the left-hand side of the equation by assuming zero on the right-hand side of the equation. Assign each factor equal to zero. Now solve the equation in order to determine the values of x. Creating android application: screen 1: Main Page The Below Blocks for Input Initialize and Math block for formula for Quadratic equation. Applications of Quadratic Equation Many real-life word problems can be solved using quadratic equations. While solving word problems, some common quadratic equation applications include speed problems and Geometry area problems. Solving the problems related to finding the area of quadrilateral such as rectangle, parallelogram and so on Solving Word Problems involving Distance, speed, and time, etc., Demo: Download app: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1EyUCdOk0eEvBCo37PAmKTUnhz9ICIaXu/view?usp=sharing

Ohm’s principal discovery was that the amount of electric current through a metal conductor in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage impressed across it, for any given temperature. Ohm expressed his discovery in the form of a simple equation, describing how voltage, current, and resistance interrelate: E=IR In this algebraic expression, voltage (E) is equal to current (I) multiplied by resistance (R). Using algebra techniques, we can manipulate this equation into two variations, solving for I and for R, respectively: I=E/R ; R=E/I Analyzing Simple Circuits with Ohm’s Law Let’s see how these equations might work to help us analyze simple circuits: In the above circuit, there is only one source of voltage and only one source of resistance to current. This makes it very easy to apply Ohm’s Law. If we know the values of any two of the three quantities (voltage, current, and resistance) in this circuit, we can use Ohm’s Law to determine the third. Creating android app for Ohm's law Mobile screen: Main page Slider block for Voltage adjustment Math block for Ohm's Law Initialize Block for Input variables: Slider block for resistance adjustment: Ohm’s Law Applications The main applications of Ohm’s law are: To determine the voltage, resistance or current of an electric circuit. Ohm’s law is used to maintain the desired voltage drop across the electronic components. Ohm’s law is also used in dc ammeter and other dc shunts to divert the current. Limitations of Ohm’s Law Following are the limitations of Ohm’s law: Ohm’s law is not applicable for unilateral electrical elements like diodes and transistors as they allow the current to flow through in one direction only. For non-linear electrical elements with parameters like capacitance, resistance etc the voltage and current won’t be constant with respect to time making it difficult to use Ohm’s law. Demo: download app: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1p6J9clhBO0TcHUFPvYQb8cYwJzZFy1wP/view?usp=sharing

Resistors are in parallel when their two terminals connect to the same nodes. Resistors are often connected in series or in parallel for creating more complex networks. The voltage across resistors in parallel will be the same for each resistor. But, the current will be in proportion to the resistance of each individual resistor. The purpose of finding the equivalence resistance is that we can replace any number of resistors connected in a parallel combination by the equivalent resistance of the parallel combination resistors. If two or more resistors are connected in parallel, then the potential difference across all the resistors is the same. Resistors in parallel connection are connected to the same nodes from both ends. This can be identified by the presence of more than one way for the current to flow. The potential difference across the resistors is the same as that across the resistor which is equal to the supply potential. Resistors in Parallel: case 1. Consider the following circuit where four resistors R1, R2, R3 and R4 are connected in parallel: Case2: Consider the following circuit where four resistors R1, R2 and R3 are connected in parallel: case3. Consider the following circuit where four resistors R1 and R2 are connected in parallel: Case4. Consider the following circuit where four resistor R1 The total current in the circuit can be calculated by two methods. First method is to calculate individual currents flowing through each resistor. The supply voltage is V, If I1 is the current flowing through the resistor R1, then according to Ohm’s law I1 = V / R1 Similarly if I2 is the current flowing through the resistor R2, then according to Ohm’s law I2 = V / R2 If I3 is the current flowing through the resistor R3, then according to Ohm’s law I3 = V / R3 And if I4 is the current flowing through the resistor R4, then according to Ohm’s law I4 = V / R4 If I (t) is the total current in the circuit, then according to Kirchhoff’s Current law, I(t) = I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 The equivalent resistance R(t) of the circuit is 1/R(t) = (1/ R1) + (1/R2) + (1/ R3) + (1/R4) This single resistor can be used to replace all the resistors in the parallel combination. ∴ I(t) = V/R(t) Creating android application for parallel resistance calculation. Screen1: Case 1 Screen1: Case 2 Screen1: Case 3 Screen1: Case 3 Main Page: The below blocks for in which parallel circuit is taken for calculation. i.e. case 1, Case2, Case3, Case4 using the check box. Initialize the input varailble and math block for calculation as mention above. Applications The concept of resistors in parallel is used in the analysis of Wheatstone bridge circuit. Resistors in parallel combination act as Current Divider Circuit. This current divider concept is use full in applications like Analog to Digital Converters and Digital to Analog Converters. Demo: download app: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ouc6GGwaJfUCDXrsFMKHjhcmfmz-8gnu/view?usp=sharing

Creating a simple program in Visual Basic that allows the user to turn an LED On or Off on the Arduino. The LED is connected to Digital Pin 13 of the Arduino Uno. Visual Basic Program to create an application in the computer that allows the user to click some buttons to control the Arduino. Before this I’ve always used the Serial Monitor of the Arduino IDE to communicate with the Arduino. Actually what the Serial Monitor does is basically reading or sending data through the Serial interface. Currently, the only programming language that I’m familiar with and is able to create a GUI (Graphical User Interface) Program is Visual Basic. I’ll be creating a simple program in Visual Basic 2010 that allows the user to turn an LED On or Off on the Arduino. The LED is connected to Digital Pin 13 of the Arduino Uno. arduino Code: void setup() { // initialize digital pin 13 as an output. pinMode(13, OUTPUT); Serial.begin(9600); } // the loop function runs over and over again forever void loop() { int val; if (Serial.available()){ delay(100); while (Serial.available() > 0) { val=Serial.read(); if(val=='1') { digitalWrite(13,HIGH); } else if (val=='0') {digitalWrite(13,LOW); } } } } The above code for the Arduino so that it can receive instructions from the computer. Here enclosed the 1 and 0 with inverted commas because the value that I’ll be sending from the computer will actually be in ASCII. Here is a screenshot of the program written in Visual Studio 2010 Express. Visual Basic Code: Design form: _ Partial Class Form1 Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form 'Form overrides dispose to clean up the component list. _ Protected Overrides Sub Dispose(ByVal disposing As Boolean) Try If disposing AndAlso components IsNot Nothing Then components.Dispose() End If Finally MyBase.Dispose(disposing) End Try End Sub 'Required by the Windows Form Designer Private components As System.ComponentModel.IContainer 'NOTE: The following procedure is required by the Windows Form Designer 'It can be modified using the Windows Form Designer. 'Do not modify it using the code editor. _ Private Sub InitializeComponent() Me.components = New System.ComponentModel.Container() Dim resources As System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager = New System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager(GetType(Form1)) Me.SerialPort1 = New System.IO.Ports.SerialPort(Me.components) Me.btnOn = New System.Windows.Forms.Button() Me.btnOff = New System.Windows.Forms.Button() Me.picOff = New System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox() Me.Label1 = New System.Windows.Forms.Label() Me.picOn = New System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox() CType(Me.picOff, System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize).BeginInit() CType(Me.picOn, System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize).BeginInit() Me.SuspendLayout() ' 'btnOn ' Me.btnOn.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(41, 178) Me.btnOn.Name = "btnOn" Me.btnOn.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(56, 32) Me.btnOn.TabIndex = 0 Me.btnOn.Text = "ON" Me.btnOn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = True ' 'btnOff ' Me.btnOff.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(123, 178) Me.btnOff.Name = "btnOff" Me.btnOff.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(56, 32) Me.btnOff.TabIndex = 1 Me.btnOff.Text = "OFF" Me.btnOff.UseVisualStyleBackColor = True ' 'picOff ' Me.picOff.Image = CType(resources.GetObject("picOff.Image"), System.Drawing.Image) Me.picOff.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(86, 67) Me.picOff.Name = "picOff" Me.picOff.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(46, 88) Me.picOff.TabIndex = 2 Me.picOff.TabStop = False ' 'Label1 ' Me.Label1.AutoSize = True Me.Label1.Font = New System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 15.75!, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, CType(0, Byte)) Me.Label1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(43, 28) Me.Label1.Name = "Label1" Me.Label1.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(133, 25) Me.Label1.TabIndex = 3 Me.Label1.Text = "PC Sim LED" ' 'picOn ' Me.picOn.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent Me.picOn.Image = CType(resources.GetObject("picOn.Image"), System.Drawing.Image) Me.picOn.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(86, 67) Me.picOn.Name = "picOn" Me.picOn.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(46, 88) Me.picOn.TabIndex = 4 Me.picOn.TabStop = False Me.picOn.Visible = False ' 'Form1 ' Me.AutoScaleDimensions = New System.Drawing.SizeF(6.0!, 13.0!) Me.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font Me.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.White Me.ClientSize = New System.Drawing.Size(217, 236) Me.Controls.Add(Me.Label1) Me.Controls.Add(Me.btnOff) Me.Controls.Add(Me.btnOn) Me.Controls.Add(Me.picOn) Me.Controls.Add(Me.picOff) Me.Name = "Form1" Me.Text = "PC Sim LED" CType(Me.picOff, System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize).EndInit() CType(Me.picOn, System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize).EndInit() Me.ResumeLayout(False) Me.PerformLayout() End Sub Friend WithEvents SerialPort1 As System.IO.Ports.SerialPort Friend WithEvents btnOn As System.Windows.Forms.Button Friend WithEvents btnOff As System.Windows.Forms.Button Friend WithEvents picOff As System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox Friend WithEvents Label1 As System.Windows.Forms.Label Friend WithEvents picOn As System.Windows.Forms.PictureBo Visual basic code for Form1: Imports System.IO Imports System.IO.Ports Imports System.Threading Public Class Form1 Shared _continue As Boolean Shared _serialPort As SerialPort Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load SerialPort1.Close() SerialPort1.PortName = "com3" 'change com port to match your Arduino port SerialPort1.BaudRate = 9600 SerialPort1.DataBits = 8 SerialPort1.Parity = Parity.None SerialPort1.StopBits = StopBits.One SerialPort1.Handshake = Handshake.None SerialPort1.Encoding = System.Text.Encoding.Default 'very important! End Sub Private Sub btnOn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnOn.Click picOn.Visible = True SerialPort1.Open() SerialPort1.Write("1") SerialPort1.Close() End Sub Private Sub btnOff_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnOff.Click picOn.Visible = False SerialPort1.Open() SerialPort1.Write("0") SerialPort1.Close() End Sub End Class End Class The serial port baud rate is set to 9600 and the Arduino Uno is using COM3. Visual Basic 2010 comes with the SerialPort function, so it’s pretty simple to program. Demo: Download code: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1MjaLF0JMT5vtX-wGj8niwNDtws899aZ4?usp=sharing

The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and upload it to the board. This software can be used with any Arduino board. The Arduino IDE can be used on Windows, Linux (both 32 and 64 bits), and Mac OS X. we’re ready to download the free software known as the IDE. You can find the latest version of this software on the Arduino IDE download page. To install the software, you will need to click on the link that corresponds with your computer’s operating system. Once the software has been installed on your computer, go ahead and open it up. This is the Arduino IDE and is the place where all the programming will happen. Take some time to look around and get comfortable with it. Connect Your Arduino Uno At this point you are ready to connect your Arduino to your computer.  Plug one end of the USB cable to the Arduino Uno and then the other end of the USB to your computer’s USB port. Once the board is connected, you will need to go to Tools then Board then finally select Arduino Uno. Next, you have to tell the Arduino which port you are using on your computer. To select the port, go to Tools then Port then select the port that says Arduino. Arduino Project 1: Blink an LED It’s finally time to do your first Arduino project.  In this example, we are going to make your Arduino board blink an LED. If you need a refresher on the parts of the Arduino or how a breadboard works, check out our previous tutorial called Arduino For Beginners. Required Parts Arduino Uno Board Breadboard – half size Jumper Wires USB Cable LED (5mm) 220 Ohm Resistor Connect The Parts You can build your Arduino circuit by looking at the breadboard image above or by using the written description below.  In the written description, we will use a letter/number combo that refers to the location of the component.  If we mention H19 for example, that refers to column H, row 19 on the breadboard. Step 1 –Wiring as per the Circuit diagram Step 2 – Connect the Arduino Uno to your computer via USB cable Upload The Blink Sketch Now it’s time to upload the sketch (program) to the Arduino and tell it what to do.  In the IDE, there are built-in example sketches that you can use which make it easy for beginners. To open the blink sketch, you will need to go to File > Examples > Basics > Blink OR Code here void setup() { // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output. pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT); } // the loop function runs over and over again forever void loop() { digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level) delay(1000); // wait for a second digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW delay(1000); // wait for a second } Next, you need to click on the verify button (check mark) that’s located in the top left of the IDE box.  This will compile the sketch and look for errors.  Once it says “Done Compiling” you are ready to upload it.  Click the upload button (forward arrow) to send the program to the Arduino board. The built-in LEDs on the Arduino board will flash rapidly for a few seconds and then the program will execute.  If everything went correctly, the LED on the breadboard should turn on for a second and then off for a second and continue in a loop. Great! Congrats!  You just completed your first Arduino project. ============================================================================= Arduino Project 2: LED w/ Switch Now it’s time to talk switches and how they can be incorporated into Arduino projects.  A switch is a electrical component that completes a circuit when pushed and breaks the circuit when released.  In this project, we will be using a pushbutton switch to control an LED. Required Parts Arduino Uno Board Breadboard – half size Jumper Wires USB Cable LED (5mm) Push button switch 10k Ohm Resistor 220 Ohm Resistor Connect The Parts You can build your Arduino circuit by looking at the breadboard image above or by using the written description below.  In the written description, we will use a letter/number combo that refers to the location of the component.  If we mention H19 for example, that refers to column H, row 19 on the breadboard. Step 1 –Wiring as per the Circuit diagram Step 2 – Connect the Arduino Uno to your computer via USB cable Upload The Switch Sketch Now it’s time to upload the sketch to the Arduino that will allow us to use a switch.  As with the blink sketch, there are example programs already loaded in the Arduino IDE that we will be using. In order to use a switch, we have to load the file called “Button” which can be found here:  File > Examples > Digital > Button OR Code here const int buttonPin = 2; // the number of the pushbutton pin const int ledPin = 13; // the number of the LED pin // variables will change: int buttonState = 0; // variable for reading the pushbutton status void setup() { // initialize the LED pin as an output: pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // initialize the pushbutton pin as an input: pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT); } void loop() { // read the state of the pushbutton value: buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin); // check if the pushbutton is pressed. If it is, the buttonState is HIGH: if (buttonState == HIGH) { // turn LED on: digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); } else { // turn LED off: digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); } } Next, you need to click on the verify button (check mark) that’s located in the top left of the IDE box.  Once it says “Done Compiling” you are ready to upload it.  Click the upload button (forward arrow) to send the program to the Arduino board. Press the button switch on the breadboard and you should be able to turn on and off the LED as shown in the below video. Troubleshooting If you are having any problems with the projects we did, make sure the following has been checked. Verify the correct leg of the LED is connected properly.  LONG leg to positive and SHORT leg to negative. Make sure the Arduino IDE shows the correct board.  Go to Tools > Board then select Arduino Uno. Make sure the Arduino IDE shows the correct port.   Go to Tools > Port then select the port that says Arduino. Verify all component connections are secure with the Arduino board and breadboard.

We’ve made it quick and convenient for you to manage your blog from anywhere. In this blog post we’ll share the ways you can post to your Wix Blog. Blogging from Your Wix Blog Dashboard On the dashboard, you have everything you need to manage your blog in one place. You can create new posts, set categories and more. To head to your Dashboard, open the Wix Editor and click on Blog > Posts. Blogging from Your Published Site Did you know that you can blog right from your published website? After you publish your site, go to your website’s URL and login with your Wix account. There you can write and edit posts, manage comments, pin posts and more! Just click on the 3 dot icon ( ⠇) to see all the things you can do. #bloggingtips #WixBlog

With Wix Blog, you’re not only sharing your voice with the world, you can also grow an active online community. That’s why the Wix blog comes with a built-in members area - so that readers can easily sign easily up to become members of your blog. What can members do? Members can follow each other, write and reply to comments and receive blog notifications. Each member gets their own personal profile page that they can customize. Tip: You can make any member of your blog a writer so they can write posts for your blog. Adding multiple writers is a great way to grow your content and keep it fresh and diversified. Here’s how to do it: Head to your Member’s Page Search for the member you want to make a writer Click on the member’s profile Click the 3 dot icon ( ⠇) on the Follow button Select Set as Writer